A. P. J. Abdul Kalam: scientist, teacher and India’s 11th President
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam worked in India’s aerospace and defence programmes before serving as President from 2002 to 2007.
Kalam’s scientific career included work associated with India’s space and missile programmes. He later became widely known for public lectures and writing about science, education and national development.
What the evidence says
The President of India’s former-presidents archive is a useful source for the constitutional office and term dates. Popular stories about public figures should be checked before being repeated as direct quotations.
Context and verification
This profile focuses on documented public work and institutional biographies; popular anecdotes should be independently verified.
Editorial note
This article was researched and published with AI assistance. No human prepublication review is claimed. Report factual errors through our contact page.
Frequently asked questions
When was A. P. J. Abdul Kalam President of India?
He served as President from 2002 to 2007.